The objective of this research study was to determine if psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy predict satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional and predictive design was used, in which 582 Peruvian university students participated, 243 men and 339 women, between the ages of 16 and 41. Student’s t-statistics were used to analyze the differences in scores of psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies based on the sex of the participants, (...) Pearson’s R was used for the analysis of correlations between variables, and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictive model. In the analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. The results show that men have higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy than women do ; high levels of psychological distress correlate with high levels of anxiety and low levels of satisfaction with studies and academic self-efficacy ; high levels of anxiety correlate with low levels of satisfaction with studies and academic self-efficacy ; and high levels of academic self-efficacy correlate with high levels of satisfaction with studies. Academic self-efficacy was also found to predict satisfaction with studies. This concludes that, although there are significant correlations between psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy is the variable that most predicts satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students. (shrink)

Effective corporate social responsibility policies are a requirement for today's companies. Policies have not only to be formulated, they also have to be delivered by corporate employees. This paper uses existing research findings to identify two types of factors that may impact on employee motivation and commitment to CSR ‘buy-in’. The first of these is contextual: employee attitudes and behaviours will be affected by organizational culture and climate, by whether CSR policies are couched in terms of compliance or in terms (...) of values, and by whether such policies are integrated into business processes or simply an ‘add-on’ that serves as window-dressing. The second set of factors is perceptual. Motivation and commitment will be affected by the extent to which they can align personal identity and image with that of the organization, by their perceptions of justice and fairness both in general and in terms of how CSR performance is rewarded, and by their impressions concerning the attitude of top management to CSR issues and performance. (shrink)

Effective corporate social responsibility policies are a requirement for today's companies. Policies have not only to be formulated, they also have to be delivered by corporate employees. This paper uses existing research findings to identify two types of factors that may impact on employee motivation and commitment to CSR ‘buy‐in’. The first of these is contextual: employee attitudes and behaviours will be affected by organizational culture and climate, by whether CSR policies are couched in terms of compliance or in terms (...) of values, and by whether such policies are integrated into business processes or simply an ‘add‐on’ that serves as window‐dressing. The second set of factors is perceptual. Motivation and commitment will be affected by the extent to which they can align personal identity and image with that of the organization, by their perceptions of justice and fairness both in general and in terms of how CSR performance is rewarded, and by their impressions concerning the attitude of top management to CSR issues and performance. (shrink)

Organizational ethics and institutional theories are extended by recovering Weberian and Pre-Weberian theorizing that emphasized the joining of ethics and institutional theories. Understanding how ethics and institutional systems influence each other can advance our understanding of the nature and causes of structural organizational ethics issues and help guide potential reforms. We consider the interplay of these elements during the recession of 2008–2009, highlighting how structural ethics problems may have to be addressed at the institutional levels and not solely the individual (...) or organizational levels. (shrink)

While civic education may not always be explicitly included in school curriculums, it can still be imparted through various non-teaching practices and in different places. In this article, we will delve into three potential educational spaces -memorials, museums, and libraries- that are commonly found in Western democracies. We will explore the significance and scope of each of these spaces and discuss their respective ethical, political, and aesthetic responsibilities. Additionally, we will examine how they possess agency and can influence the educational (...) process, recognizing that even non-human entities, such as nature itself, can play an important role in shaping our understanding of civic education. (shrink)

Poetic Disinterest: Power, Movement, and Language After HeideggerKrzysztof Ziarek’s study of Martin Heidegger calls attention to the German philosopher’s writing and to the movement and momentum of his poetic practice. Ziarek frames Heidegger’s thinking-writing as a practice focused on what is revealed in the turning of words, on what appears in the synergy between words as signs and words in their singular relationship to the world. In this translation and interpretation of volumes 71 and 74 of Heidegger’s Collected Works, Ziarek (...) “underscores the idiomatic character of Heidegger’s approach”. Ziarek’s discussion of these works, which were written in the 1930s and 1940s, builds... (shrink)

En contra de las actuales tendencias postmodernistas, el autor postula una simbiosis entre los elementos positivos de lo premoderno y los correspondientes de la modernidad. Cree posible rescatar las llamadas tradiciones razonables, y combinarlas con lo positivo de la modernidad. Uno de los factores positivos de la tradicionalidad sería la religión en cuanto fuente de sentido y consuelo. Esfuerzos sincretistas similares en otros campos constituyen gran parte la historia universal.

The temporality of human action is very peculiar: different from the cosmic time and even paradoxical, inasmuch as it is really a circular time. The aim of this essay is to study this circularity in the sphere of human activity through the relations between the notions of potency and habit in the Aristotelian Ethics, among others structural conditions of the action. These structural conditions are explored by Aristotle as those which make possible to judge the actions.

This article is a commentary of the section 5.552 of the Tractatus, about the “experience” that is necessary to understand logic, from the point of view of the so called continental philosophy. In this commentary are tackled some questions: what is exactly this “experience”?; what does mean that logic is a speculative image of the world?; how are the relations between logic and metaphysics (the two components of philosophy, according to Wittgenstein)? All these questions lead us to the conception of (...) philosophy present in the Tractatus and to the role, so important, the two following problems play in this book: the reflection on the philosophical method and the transcendental character of being. Just for this it is necessary to take it seriously the opposition between speaking of something and speaking about something, employed in the final section and so clear in German as habitually mistranslated. (shrink)

The necessity of a continuous creation by God, the need of a creation that is prolonged in the time, is an important issue in the Metaphysics of Descartes; for the being of the human conscience is not so persistent and so strong as the being of a really substance. The Cartesian cogito raises the problem of the weakness of this needy being: the distance between what is in each case thought, which is not temporal, and the thinking itself, which is (...) in the time. Descartes has very interesting observations about this theme. (shrink)

Durante el año 2008, el Seminario de Sociedad y Cultura Contemporáneas de nuestra universidad quiso celebrar un ciclo de conferencias sobre la actualidad de lo trágico. Nuestra convicción era que la cultura contemporánea volvía a necesitar la voz y la energía del pensamiento de la tragedia, después de que estas hubieran sido interesadamente neutralizadas en los últimos tiempos. Para este proyecto, se contó con la presencia de toda una autoridad mundial en esta área, Sergio Givone, así como con reputados profesores (...) españoles como Luis Enrique de Santiago Guervós, Pilar López de Santamaría, Marco Parmeggiani o Celso Sánchez Capdequí; acompañados a su vez de jóvenes promesas del panorama nacional. El resultado de ese ciclo es este volumen, donde se recorre a ese respecto un trayecto tanto cronológico (que pasa por Schopenhauer, Dostoievski, Nietzsche, Unamuno, los futuristas) como temático (con asuntos tales que la libertad, el amor fati, el arte contemporáneo, la novedad y la educación). (shrink)

In this article I will try to show that economic inequality, the militarization of states, hatred and violence are the main causes of most armed conflicts. By supporting my argument upon a line originated in the East, but which is not unknown in Western thought, I propose to go on researching both Gandhian pacifism and some values consciously cultivated by Buddhism, such as the value of universal compassion, which are very important to strengthen a culture of peace.

Se ofrece una presentación contextualizada de cuatro autores aparecidos en una reciente colección de filosofía rusa de la denominada "Edad de plata" con el fin de darla a conocer al lector español e incentivar su traducción a nuestro idioma.

RECERCA se presenta este año 2004, siguiendo la linea abierta en su nueva época, como espacio de análisis y reflexión filosófico-crítica del presente. Ninguna publicación actual se resiste a subrayar que si bien la filosofía ha estado siempre comprometida con su tiempo, tal compromiso ha variado en intensidad y métodos en las tres últimas décadas. El número que tiene en sus manos viene a confirmar estos cambios dado que todos los artículos, pese a que abordan problemas y esferas distintas —bioética, (...) interculturalidad, religión, solidaridad, ecología, empresa, ciudadanía-, ponen de manifiesto que ya no es la filosofia únicamente la que escoge los temas de análisis y reflexión, sino que es la propia realidad la que le pide que entre en cada una de las esferas, problemas y situaciones que vive la sociedad para tratar de poner "orden", orientar y ayudar a la solución de las dificultades con las que nos tenernos que ver. Y, es más, no se pide que sea "la filosofia" desde su espacio la que proporcione orientaciones distantes, más bien, lo que se reclama es una "filosofía desde las propias praxis", por tanto, una reflexión que se realice desde la filosofía pero en plena integración y conocimiento de la situación, por tanto, arremangándose en la praxis. (shrink)

El objetivo de este escrito es presentar, a partir de la doctrina del término medio expuesta por Aristóteles en su Ética Nicomáquea, una réplica al artículo de Fabio Morales. Así, se revisará la idea de Morales, según la cual parece haber un círculo vicioso en la explicación de las acciones voluntarias, con lo cual la libertad de dichas acciones quedaría comprometida. A esto se contrapondrá la exposición de la doctrina mencionada, así como el papel que la deliberación y la elección (...) juegan en ella; a partir de lo cual se concluye que, a pesar de que es posible compartir ciertas ideas de Morales, el círculo que él postula en realidad no es tal y, aunque sea posible decir que Aristóteles no se ocupó a profundidad del tema de la libertad, ésta parece estar salvaguardada en su teoría. (shrink)

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente artículo será sostener que la memoria impedida, carente de una dimensión simbólica y ‘sustraída del tiempo', tratada en "La memoria, la historia, el olvido" plantea un límite originalmente no contemplado a la solución narrativa de la aporía del tiempo presentada en "Tiempo y narración". Sin embargo, observamos varios elementos que llevan a desdibujar la diferencia entre la memoria impedida y la manipulada. Nuestra hipótesis es que el recurso a la metapsicología freudiana, y específicamente, su concepto (...) de trabajo, le impiden a Ricoeur desarrollar cabalmente este límite. Recurriremos a las tesis de Certeau acerca de la escritura histórica como gesto sepultural, para ahondar en este límite y determinar las vías para superarlo. ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to argue that an impeded memory, devoid of a symbolic dimension and "subtracted from time", treated in "Memory, History, Forgetting" poses a limit not originally contemplated in the narrative solution of the aporia of time, as presented in "Time and Narrative". However, we find several elements that lead to blur the difference between impeded and manipulated memory. Our hypothesis is that by resourcing to Freudian metapsychology, and specifically its concept of work, prevents Ricoeur from fully developing this limit. We turn to Certeau's theses about historical writing as a sepulture gesture, to develop this limit and determine the ways to overcome it. (shrink)

El presente trabajo, en diálogo con la reflexión de Jean Baudrillard, intenta reconsiderar ontológicamente el no ser para que la oquedad del simulacro no se autoproclame más real que lo real debido a que, como la nada ha sido expropiada y vaciada, el intercambio del mundo y de la vida con ella es imposible. Solo un pensamiento trágico, animado por la agónica energía de su contradicción, puede volver a replantear la reversibilidad de la vida y la muerte.

Las paradojas de Maimónides consisten, además de combinar la autoridad de los talmudistas con la reflexión filosófica aristotélica, en que en un momento de su juventud tuvo que fingirse musulmán, y en que siendo su persona respetadísima, sus doctrinas fueron muy combatidas.

Legislation on Disability/ Functional Diversity in Spain has experimented a great advance since 1982 to 2013, leaving the initial orientation, based on care and rehabilitation, toward another one based on rights and social inclusion as main objectives. However, this legislation has not been effective because in the same lap of time another transformation made it useless: the suppression of social rights that came from Keynesian politics and the progressive neoliberal ideology implantation. The evolution of People with Disability/ Functional Diversity labour (...) situation illustrates the imposition of what we name neoliberal “ableisment” over PFD labour rights. (shrink)

The discovery that the DNA of chimpanzees and humans is incredibly similar, sharing 98% of the same code, suggests that there is very little different--or special--about the human animal. Likewise, advances in artificial intelligence mean that humans no longer have exclusive access to reason, consciousness and imagination. Indeed, the harder we cling to the concept of humanity, the more slippery it becomes. But if it breaks down altogether, what will this mean for human values, human rights, and the defense of (...) human dignity? In a book of breathtaking range, Felipe Fernandez-Armesto takes us on an enlightening journey through the history of humankind, a narrative tour de force that challenges our most fundamental belief--that we are, and have always been, human. Humankind confronts the problem from a historical perspective, showing how our current understanding of what it means to be human has been shaken by new discoveries from science and philosophy. The author shows how our concept of humankind has changed over time, tracing its faltering expansion to its present limits and arguing that these limits are neither fixed or scientifically verifiable. Controversially, he proposes that we have further to go in developing our concept of humankind and that we need to rethink it as a matter of urgency. One of the most imaginative historians writing today, Felipe Fernandez-Armesto here combines astonishing breadth with passionate and exciting storytelling. For the intellectually curious, for those interested in history, philosophy, science and culture, and for anyone who has ever wondered about what makes us human, Humankind offers an exhilarating new perspective. (shrink)